I would argue that, if it's being used properly, the message broker itself is a service. It runs as a separate process, you communicate with it over an API, and its subcomponents (e.g., the database) are encapsulated.
It's all about framing and perspective, of course. But that's how I'd want to try and frame it from a system architecture point of view.
By that same reasoning Postgres is it's own micro service. It runs as a separate process, you communicate with it over a well defined API, and it's subcomponents (data store, query optimizer etc) are encapsulated.
With enough framing everything is possible, and in some contexts it will even make sense.
It has to do with how it functions in practice, IMO. PostgreSQL itself is arguably a service, but the database probably is not - you're probably crawling all over its implementation details and data model.
You could take a stand and say, "All access is through stored procedures. They are the API." And, if that API operates as the same semantic level as a well-crafted REST API, then you could make an argument that that particular database is a microservice that just happens to have been implemented on top of PostgreSQL. But I don't think I've ever seen such a thing happen in the wild. It's much more popular to use an ORM to get things nice and tightly coupled.
Such implementations exist and have been discussed a few days ago here on HN. There are also REST adapters for Postgres: https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest
It's all about framing and perspective, of course. But that's how I'd want to try and frame it from a system architecture point of view.